Making of Roof Flashing - Course: Timberwork techniques. Instruction examples for practical vocational training (Institut f�r Berufliche Entwicklung, 26 p.)

Sequence of operations

Comments

1. Determine the board length.
- 4100 mm long boards cover 5 bays
5 · 803 mm = 4015 mm

Use attic framing drawing!

- 20 bays would be 4 board lengths
4 · 4015 mm = 16060 mm.

Roof base facing must cover the total length of the building.
Length of building = 16990 mm.
4 board lengths are not feasible!

- Initial board

365 mm = 2874 mm
Length selected: 3000 mm

Use attic framing drawing!
Initial board over 3 bays. Beam distance from centre to centre!

- Intermediate board 5 · 803 mm = 4015 mm
Length selected: 4100 mm

over 5 bays,
three joints = 15 bays

-
20 mm + 365 mm = 2071 mm
Length selected: 3000 mm

over 2 bays, since 3 + 15 + 2 = 20 bays
The difference of 929 mm is required for closing the roof base facing.

2. Determine the board width.
- Lay out eaves flashing in scale 1:1, determine and measure the width:
face boards: 120 mm width
bottom boards: 130 mm width

Consider maximum board width.
See drawing of Instruction Example 3.2.
Add about 10 mm for tongue and groove to be cut off.

3. Determine the number of boards.
- Face boards: 120 mm wide
2 · 2 = 4 boards 3000 mm long
3 · 2 = 6 boards 4100 mm long

Use laid-out eaves flashing and determination of step 1 above.

- Bottom boards: 130 mm wide
2 · 2 = 4 boards 3000 mm long
3 · 2 = 6 boards 4100 mm long

Roof base facing is to be provided at both sides of the couple roof.

- List of boards:
8 boards of 3.0 m length and 12 cm width
12 boards of 4.1 m length and 12 cm width
8 boards of 3.0 m length and 13 cm width
12 boards of 4.1 m length and 13 cm width.

4. Select boards of adequate length and width in timber yard.

Consider surface quality, too!

5. Store boards according to width at the side of the circular saw bench.

Make sure that there is enough freedom to move!

6. Saw boards to width.
Board (1) 120 mm
Board (2) 120 mm + tongue length
Board (3) 111 mm + tongue length
Board (4) 110 mm

Use laid-out eaves flashing.
(See drawing of Instruction Example 3.2.).
Think of tongue length.
Use stop at circular saw bench!
1 mm on board 3 is needed for smoothing of the surface.
(See drawing of Instruction Example 3.2.)

7. Chamfer boards
- Chamfer boards (1) and (4) at the groove side.
- Chamfer board (2) at the tongue side.
- Chamfer board (3) at three sides and smooth visible projection.

Put board flat on work bench.
Maximum chamfer 3 mm. Planed side to be on top.
Clamp board edgewise on work bench and plane off to 110 mm. Lay board flat and chamfer at tongue and groove sides.
Turn board over (rough side on top) and smooth visible areas.

8. Store boards for transportation.

Protect stored boards against possible damage during storage!

Sequence of operations

Comments

1. Check the scaffolding.

Working direction from left to right.
Stability, bracing, covering of uprights, guard rail.

2. Store boards on scaffolding.
Store face and bottom board, as well as different lengths separately.

Ensure freedom of movement!

3. Cut square initial board (1) at right end.

Use try square.
Saw off only as much as necessary to produce a square section.

4. Place and fasten provisionally board (1).

Place right end of board centrically at 4th beam head.
Place cleat as stop at cross-grained end of beam head.
Fasten board provisionally on beam heads 1 and 3.
Use nails 2.8/70. Drive nails in only as deep as to permit their removal later on!

5. Scribe initial board.

Align over gable wall and scribe-mark.

6. Take off initial board and scribe angular line.

Use a try square.
Don't remove provisionally fastened nails!
(Nail holes in beam heads and nails in board guarantee exact fit!)

7. Saw initial board to length.

Saw square!

8. Place measuring rod at initial board (1) and transfer size.

Do it exactly!

9. Nail initial board (1).

Locate points of nails in the board in nail holes in the beam head and drive in the nails.
Do not completely drive in the nail at the groove side of the board to permit insertion of the tongue of board (2).

10. Scribe and saw to length initial boards (2), (3) and (4).

Measuring rod to be placed flush.
Use try square.
Saw exactly square!

11. Nail initial board (2).

Insert tongue in groove of board (1) and press it in with lever pressure.
Place cleat at plasterwork. Exert gentle pressure with wrecking bar.
Drive in two 2.8/70 nails per beam head.
Make sure it is flush with board (1).

12. Nail initial boards (3) and (4).

Insert tongue in groove of boards and place boards.
Set marking gauge for projection (15 mm) and adjust board (3).
Make sure it is flush with board (1).
Drive in two 3.1/80 nails per beam head.

13. Place measuring rod of 4015 mm length over the next beam heads and check the size.

Place it from centre to centre of beam heads.
Check over the entire facade.

14. Scribe and saw to length all four boards for the other joints of the roof base facing according to the checked size.

Use a try square.
Saw exactly square.

15. Nail roof base facing boards.

Nail the boards joint by joint proceeding similarly as with the first joint (initital boards).

16. Saw square at left end and fasten provisionally final board (1).

Use a try square.
Do not drive in nails completely.

17. Scribe length of board.

Align over gable wall and scribe size.

18. Take off, scribe and saw to length final board (1).

Use a try square.

19. Place measuring road at final board and transfer length.

Place flush at one end.
Place measuring rod parallell.

20. Scribe and saw to length final boards (2), (3) and (4) according to size taken.

Place measuring rod exactly.
Use a try square.
Do not let the cuttings break off when sawing off!
(Cuttings are to be used for closing the roof base facing)

21. Nail final boards.

09 Consider type of nails!

22. Close roof base facing at both ends.

Use the cuttings.
Place, scribe, saw and insert the board pieces individually.
Use 2.8/70 nails.

23. Nail the roof base facing.

Nail in the centre of the beam bays
- through board (3) in board (1)
- through eaves board in board (4).
Use 2.8/70 nails.

24. Clean the work place.

Pick up wooden cuttings and clean scaffolding.

Sequence of operations

Comments

1. Determine real rafter length.
Req.: Spl
Known: Spl_R = b² + h²

Formula: Spl = Spl_R + y
(See also Fig. 16 in "Trainees' Handbook of Lessons")

h = 3000 mm

z = 500 mm

Spl_R = (4² + 3²) m²

Spl_R = 5000 mm

y = 625 mm

Spl = 5000 mm + 625 mm

Spl = 5625 mm

2. Determine x₀
Req.: x₀
Known: Spl_R = 5000 mm
z = 500 mm

x₀ is the size from the inferior purlin line up to the rafter foot, not the length for the template!
(See also Fig. 16 in "Trainees' Handbook of Lessons")
Formula:

b = 4000 mm

n = 80 mm

h = 3000 mm

o = 100 mm

y₁ = 125 mm

z₁ = 273.3 mm

x₀ = 966.6 mm

3. Put straight board of approx. 1600 mm length on work bench.

Board width to comply exactly with rafter height.

4. Scribe angular line at left end and mark with section mark.

Use steel square.
Go to the right only as far as to produce a square cut.

5. Measure in and mark the size x₀ from the angular line.

Scribe only thin and short line.

6. Measure in and scribe square attachment timber.

Do not scribe over the entire length but only scribe thin line in the area of the rafter foot line.

7. Mark the size y₁ on the long leg of the square.

Scribe thin line.
Mark it at the outside of the square.

8. Place square with marked size y₁ at x₀ mark and swivel the square until point of intersection with square attachment timber is reached.

Place it exactly!

9. Scribe surface of inferior purlin and front face of inferior purlin.

Scribe a thicker line at the short leg of the square and a thin line at the long leg.

10. Scribe front face of inferior purlin.

Place long leg of square at thin line and scribe bird's mouth depth.

11. Scribe template length.

Measure from x₀ line. Use a square.
Use maximum length but at least 500 mm!

12. Saw out template.

Saw exactly and perfectly square.
Special care is required for sawing the bird's mouth!

13. Smooth cut surfaces with abrasive paper.

Use fine-grained abrasive paper!
Smooth very gently - no chamfers must be produced!

14. Transfer scribed lines of bird's mouth to upper narrow side of template.

Scribe thin line.

Sequence of operations

Comments

Steps 1 to 6 are to be carried out at the building!

1. Check the scaffolding.

Stability, bracing, covering of uprights, guard rail.

2. Insert the straightedge between the roof boards and the inferior purlin and press it against the roof rafter.

Insert it approx. 1000 mm. Make sure that it contacts the roof boards and the roof rafter.

3. Transfer the front face of the outside wall onto the straightedge by scribing the perpendicular line.

Use a water level.
Check changing of water level. Mark scribing perpendicular line with "PERPENDICULAR".

4. Transfer front face of inferior purlin onto straightedge.

Mark only!

5. Remove straightedge and insert it at several roof rafters to check the scribed lines.

6. Count the roof rafters.

Is necessary for the number of cover straps required.

All other steps are to be carried out in the workshop

7. Take perpendicular line from straightedge by means of bevel protractor.

Working direction from left to right!
Set bevel protractor tongue exactly and firmly tighten the wing nut!

8. Put board for template (approx. 2 m long) on work bench and scribe on it square attachment timber.

Scribe a thin line.

9. Scribe angular line at right end of board and mark the section to be cut off.

Go only as far as necessary to produce a rectangular cut.

10. Measure in and mark 500 mm from angular line to the left.

Measure on 8.

11. Scribe perpendicular line through marking.

Use bevel protractor. Perpendicular line is front face of inferior purlin.

12. Scribe surface of inferior purlin.

Place square leg at perpendicular line so as to have point of intersection with 8.!

13. Take from straightedge, measure in on template and mark the size up to front face of outside wall.

Measure on 8.!
Mark only!

14. Scribe perpendicular line through marking and mark with "FW".

"FW" means front face of outside wall.

15. Mark horizontal distance of eaves flashing (500 mm) at long leg of square.

Apply only thin marking.

16. Place tongue of bevel protractor at perpendicular line, displace short leg of square at tongue so as to have point of intersection at upper edge of template board!

Place square and bevel protractor tongue exactly.
Do not squeeze the tongue of the bevel protractor!
Apply only thin marking.

17. Scribe template length and mark the section to be cut off.

Use a square.

18. Profiling.

Scribe the curve so that it can be easily sawn out with the band saw!

19. Saw out the template.

Saw it out at exact angles.

20. Smooth the template with abrasive paper.

Use fine-grained abrasive paper.
No chamfers must be ground!

21. Measure length of cover straps and select timber for cover straps in the timber yard.

Number of cover straps has been counted on site.

22. Transport the timber to the work bench and store it.

Ensure freedom of movement.

23. Put template successively on the timber for the cover straps to be produced and scribe cover straps.

Scribe cover straps on one side only.
Place upper edges of template and cover strap flush with each other!

24. Saw out the cover straps.

Saw the curve exactly on the band saw!
Observe the safety regulations for work on the band saw!

25. Plane the visible sides of the cover strap foot.

Use a hand plane.
Just smooth-plane, remove small chip.

26. Smooth curve with abrasive paper.

Use coarse-grained abrasive paper.

27. Store cover straps for transportation.

Store cover straps so that they cannot be damaged or get dirty.